Archive | February, 2010

Roubini: ‘Risky Rich’ Countries in Greatest Danger of Default

26 Feb

New York University Professor Nouriel Roubini – famous for having predicted the GFC in 2006 – again defies the so-called ‘conventional wisdom’ by warning that it is the “risky rich” countries who are in greatest danger of sovereign debt default:

Today’s swollen fiscal deficits and public debt are fueling concerns about sovereign risk in many advanced economies. Traditionally, sovereign risk has been concentrated in emerging-market economies. After all, in the last decade or so, Russia, Argentina, and Ecuador defaulted on their public debts, while Pakistan, Ukraine, and Uruguay coercively restructured their public debt under the threat of default.

But, in large part – and with a few exceptions in Central and Eastern Europe – emerging-market economies improved their fiscal performance by reducing overall deficits, running large primary surpluses, lowering their stock of public debt-to-GDP ratios, and reducing the currency and maturity mismatches in their public debt. As a result, sovereign risk today is a greater problem in advanced economies than in most emerging-market economies.

Is Greek Debt Contagious?

26 Feb

The Greek flu looks like it’s spreading through Europe. How contagious is it? How far will it spread?

Charles Wyplosz, Professor of International Economics at the Graduate Institute (Geneva), and one of the world’s leading experts on Eurozone monetary and financial matters, sets the record straight on the latest twist in the GFC:

A debt default by the Greek government, on its own, would be a non-event. Greece is a relatively small country (with 11 million people, its GDP amounts to less than 3% of Eurozone’s GDP). Contagion to Portugal, which is even smaller, would also be a non-event. Moving on to Spain and Italy is another matter…

The real worry is the banking system. Some European banks hold part of the Greek debt and, if still saddled with unrecognised losses from the subprime crisis, some might become bankrupt. Many governments have simply not pushed their banks to straighten up their accounts, and they are now discovering some of the unforeseen consequences of supervisory forbearance…

Contagious debt defaults, along with bank failures, could lead to a double-dip recession in Europe, possibly affecting the US as well. If that were to happen, with the interest rate at the zero lower bound and fiscal policy not available any more, we could face a terribly bad situation.

Greek Crisis Coming to America

26 Feb

Professor Niall Ferguson, recently seen on ABC TV in his acclaimed documentary series The Ascent of Money, writes for the Financial Times:

It began in Athens. It is spreading to Lisbon and Madrid. But it would be a grave mistake to assume that the sovereign debt crisis that is unfolding will remain confined to the weaker eurozone economies. For this is more than just a Mediterranean problem with a farmyard acronym. It is a fiscal crisis of the western world. Its ramifications are far more profound than most investors currently appreciate…

What we in the western world are about to learn is that there is no such thing as a Keynesian free lunch. Deficits did not “save” us half so much as monetary policy – zero interest rates plus quantitative easing – did. First, the impact of government spending (the hallowed “multiplier”) has been much less than the proponents of stimulus hoped. Second, there is a good deal of “leakage” from open economies in a globalised world. Last, crucially, explosions of public debt incur bills that fall due much sooner than we expect.

This Crisis Won’t Stop Moving

26 Feb

From the New York Times:

You know we’re in trouble when we’re told that the economic problems in Greece, Portugal and Spain, the most indebted countries in the euro zone, are likely to remain safely contained in those nations.

After all, we heard the same nonsense in 2007 from United States financial leaders talking about the subprime mortgage mess. Both Ben S. Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and Henry M. Paulson Jr., then the Treasury secretary, rolled out to reassure concerned investors that troubles in mortgage land wouldn’t permeate the rest of the economy.

As we all now know, mortgage woes were contained — to planet Earth. And so it may be with overleveraged nations in Europe.

Simply put, contagion is a fact of life in our interconnected global economy and financial markets. And that means investors must strap in for more gyrations in the stock and bond markets as the great and painful deleveraging that began in 2007 continues around the world.

Stevens – Australia’s Most Useless?

26 Feb

Illustration - John Shakespeare

In recent days the mainstream media have made much of Reserve Bank of Australia Governor Glenn Stevens’ response to comments made by Barnaby Joyce concerning Australia’s rising debt levels:

‘‘There has never been an event of sovereign default by Australia,’’ Mr Stevens told a parliamentary hearing in Canberra. ‘‘I very much doubt there ever will be.’’

Now, don’t you feel reassured? After all, if the esteemed Governor of the RBA is not worried, then why should you be?

Think again. This is the same “expert” who utterly failed to foresee any warning signs of the impending Global Financial Crisis. Indeed, Stevens kept raising interest rates right into the teeth of the GFC, prompting this scathing response from the Daily Telegraph:

The nation’s most powerful economic figure has committed a double betrayal of working families – urging big banks to ignore the RBA’s official interest rate and saying taxes could be increased.

For the second time in a fortnight, Reserve Bank Governor Glenn Stevens has gone public to encourage the biggest lenders to go beyond the current official interest rate and slug mortgagees at a higher rate.

His controversial comments effectively render him useless – because it is a key part of his job as Reserve Bank governor to use official interest rates as a guide for the major banks as to what they should charge on mortgages.

“I can’t tell you at what point rates will come down. I can’t promise they won’t rise. I can’t tell you that, mainly because I don’t know,” Mr Stevens said yesterday.

Note the date of those comments by Stevens. April 4, 2008. His last interest rate rise prior to the GFC, was on March 4, 2008, taking the official cash rate to 7.25%.

Less than 2 weeks after Stevens had again raised Australia’s interest rates, US banking giant Bear Stearns collapsed.

Less than 6 months later, all hell broke loose with the collapse of Lehman Brothers… the biggest corporate collapse in US history.

From September 2008, Stevens had to chainsaw 400 basis points (4%) off the cash rate, in a frantic bid to save the Australian economy from imploding.

Remember that, for next time you hear the media again twisting Stevens words into an alleged putdown of Barnaby Joyce’s concerns.

Hummel: The US Will Default On Its Debt

26 Feb

Barnaby warned about the possibility of US sovereign debt default. San Jose State University economist, Professor Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, makes a prediction:

It is not literally impossible that the Federal Reserve could unleash the Zimbabwe option and repudiate the national debt indirectly through hyperinflation, rather than have the Treasury repudiate it directly. But my guess is that, faced with the alternatives of seeing both the dollar and the debt become worthless or defaulting on the debt while saving the dollar, the U.S. government will choose the latter.

Magnus: Sovereign Default Threatens World

26 Feb

Respected UBS economist George Magnus says sovereign debt default now presents a grave risk to the global economy:

The sustainability of sovereign debt hangs heavily over bond markets, and the prospects for economic and financial stability…

There is no peacetime precedent for the current speed and scale of public debt accumulation and it is difficult to assess the social tolerance for high debt levels, and for the pain of protracted fiscal restraint. In several European Union member states, the threshold has already been breached. The spectre of sovereign default, therefore, has returned to the rich world.

Barnaby vs Tanner vs Swan

25 Feb

Ever wonder how Barnaby’s economic qualifications stack up against Lindsay Tanner’s? Or against Wayne Swan’s, for that matter?

You might be surprised.

Barnaby Warns of Bigger GFC

25 Feb

Could the USA default on its debts?  Barnaby thinks so… and said as much in October and December last year:

The Nationals Senate leader Barnaby Joyce is openly canvassing an economic upheaval that would dwarf the current global financial crisis, triggered by the US defaulting on its sovereign debt within the next few years.

In unusually pessimistic comments for a senior political figure, Senator Joyce said the US Government was running such large deficits and building up so much debt that it was in a similar position to Iceland or Germany before World War II.

Is Barnaby alone in expressing this concern?  Rudd Labor would have you think so. Others agree with Barnaby:

It is not literally impossible that the Federal Reserve could unleash the Zimbabwe option and repudiate the national debt indirectly through hyperinflation, rather than have the Treasury repudiate it directly. But my guess is that, faced with the alternatives of seeing both the dollar and the debt become worthless or defaulting on the debt while saving the dollar, the U.S. government will choose the latter.

And this:

The economic landscape still looks pretty gloomy despite (because of?) massive increases in federal government spending by Congress. Want something else to worry about? What if your government suddenly went “belly up” on some or all of its public debt IOU’s?

Impossible you say? Not really.

And this:

The specter of a wave of sovereign debt defaults is becoming more of a possibility daily. Historically, waves of sovereign debt defaults follow periods of relative calm in credit markets. In short, sovereign defaults are contagious.

And this:

Mr Ip believes the government will sooner try and inflate down the debt than default, which is probably true. But he reckons that in the unlikely event America must choose between hyperinflation and default, the unthinkable could occur.

And this:

The list of countries at risk of bankruptcy is increasing by the day. The acronym used to be PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain). It is now PIIGSJUKUS and growing. The main contenders are currently: USA, UK, Japan, Spain, Italy, Greece, Ireland, France, Portugal, Baltic States, Eastern Europe and many more. On a proper accounting basis all of these countries are already bankrupt, but since many nations can either print money, like the US and the UK, or increase their already high borrowings, like Greece and the Baltic States, they have technically avoided bankruptcy.

And this:

But the ultimate financial question – until recently, unthinkable – is now being asked. Yes siree, the mighty US government could default. That’s how much the world has changed.

So why do Kevin Rudd, Wayne Swan, Lindsay Tanner, Ken Henry, and Glenn Stevens, not wish to discuss concerns about US debt, and the implications of a possible sovereign default on the Australian economy?  According to Treasury secretary Ken Henry, to do so could “alarm” the community:

”I don’t mind discussing hypotheticals in general … [but] one has to be careful not to discuss publicly hypotheticals that are that extreme,” Dr Henry said.

Right. This is the same Ken Henry who never saw the GFC coming. No doubt he would have considered it just another “extreme” hypothetical back in 2007.

Day of Reckoning Near: Joyce

25 Feb

In today’s Australian newspaper, Barnaby Joyce warns of  impending debt crisis:

AUSTRALIA’S gross foreign debt, taking into account both the public and private sectors, is more than $1.232 trillion.

The net foreign debt is about $638 billion. It is one of the highest net debt to gross domestic product ratios in the developed world.

As Treasury official David Gruen told a Senate estimates committee recently, it is higher than the US, Japan and Britain. The only country that could be confirmed as higher than ours, at the latest estimates hearing, was New Zealand.

Australia’s gross sovereign (government borrowing) debt during that estimates hearing was $123.11bn, but by last Friday it had climbed to $125.483bn.

What does Barnaby think of the Labor Government’s stimulus spending?

We have, approximately, a $90bn package of eclectic economic trinkets, noted as stimulus, that would look good hanging from any rear-vision mirror in a car doing hot laps on a Friday night in downtown Dubbo.

Did we get something substantial, clearly identifiable in the form of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, or inland rail or massive water infrastructure to alleviate the problems of future droughts? Did we invest in a method to encourage people in a growing population to settle away from the crowded capitals of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane? No, we didn’t.

Read all of Barnaby’s article here, and The Australian’s editorial on Barnaby’s warnings – with reader comments – here.

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